With the implementation of National Waterways Act, 2016 seven rivers of Bihar, namely Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, Ghaghra, Punpun, Sone, and Karamnasa have been declared as National Inland Waterways. Inland waterway possibly represent the biggest intervention in our rivers, second only to large dams. They are likely to have several serious impacts. This report gives a brief profile of the inland waterways planned in Bihar’s rivers, and lays out important issues, problems and challenges associated with these waterways.